home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
High-Tech America - Space Stations
/
High-Tech America - Space Stations (1995)(American MPC Research).iso
/
data
/
gcx007.doc
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1995-08-29
|
3KB
|
39 lines
In the mid-1970Æs, Soviet space engineers began research and development on a reusable
space shuttle system. A manufacturing plant, Molniya Design Bureau, was set up on the
outskirts of Moscow to build and test the space shuttle named Buran (which means
ôsnowstormö in Russian) at a cost of $14 billion. In its first and only flight on November
15, 1988, Buran was launched without a crew and after a flight of 205 minutes landed
safely by automated controls.
While externally similar to American shuttles, Buran has an entirely different engine
configuration. The main engines for lifting Buran into space are located on an Energia
rocket, not on the shuttle itself. Though it does possess its own engines for orbital
maneuvering, the Russian shuttle is basically a payload that can be strapped on to the
Energia assembly, launched into space, and then re-used after landing.
Buran can land up to 1,200 miles away from its original landing site using aircraft controls;
when descending from orbit, it slows from a velocity of 5 miles per second to a landing
speed of 210 mph. Buran has a primary landing-strip located near the Baikonur launch
site and two reserve runways: one near Simferopol and another near Vladivostok. During
an emergency, automated controls allow remote guidance of the shuttle.
Based on experience with transporting crews and cargo to Salyut and Mir space stations,
Buran was meant to be a support ship for future space station work. The large payload
bay is spacious enough to contain the entire Mir space station or any of its modules; while
Salyut 7 was still in orbit, plans were considered for bringing the unused facility back to
Earth in the Buran shuttle, but such a mission was never carried out.
Because of the expense involved in launching the vehicle, Russian space agency officials
have said that Buran will never fly again, and American space planners seem uninterested
in reviving the spaceplane. Still, Buran has possible applications in lifting materials into
orbit for assembling the international space station Alpha, and it could be used for retrieval
operations - a specialty of large-capacity space shuttles.
Hermes, a small reusable space shuttle designed by ESA, could carry a crew and 5 tons of
cargo to space stations in orbit. It was to be mounted on top of an Ariane 5 booster and
launched from ESAÆs spaceport at Kourou in the French Guyana. Hermes was recently
abandoned in favor of a simpler Crew Transport Vehicle (CTV) which will also use the
Ariane 5 rocket as a launch vehicle.